What symbol represents internal energy?

The symbol that represents internal energy is U. In thermodynamics, internal energy refers to the total energy contained within a system due to the kinetic and potential energies of its molecules. This energy can change as heat is added or removed from the system or work is done on or by the system.

In contrast, E often represents energy in a more general sense and is not specifically designated for internal energy. H represents enthalpy, which is related to internal energy but also includes the effects of pressure and volume. S denotes entropy, a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. Understanding these different symbols is crucial for deciphering equations and principles in thermodynamics and chemistry.