What is the definition of chemical equilibrium?

Chemical equilibrium is defined as the state in a reversible reaction when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions become equal. At this point, the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time, even though both reactions continue to occur. This means that while reactants are being converted to products, equal amounts of products are being transformed back into reactants, maintaining a dynamic balance.

Understanding that the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal is crucial to grasping the concept of equilibrium. It highlights that the reactions are ongoing, but there is no net change in concentration of substances involved.

The other options do not accurately reflect the definition of chemical equilibrium. Stating that the forward reaction stops suggests a static system rather than the dynamic nature of equilibrium. Mentioning that the concentrations of products are doubled does not universally apply to all equilibrium states, as it does not provide a general principle. Lastly, stating that the rate of product formation is maximum ignores the essential point that at equilibrium, the rates of both forward and reverse reactions are balanced, rather than maximizing product formation.