What does the symbol ∆G represent in relation to cell potential?

The symbol ∆G represents the standard free energy change of a reaction, which is a measure of the amount of energy that can be used to do work when a reaction occurs under standard conditions. In the context of electrochemistry and cell potential, the standard free energy change is crucial because it relates to the voltage potential of an electrochemical cell.

When a redox reaction occurs, the free energy change indicates whether the reaction can occur spontaneously. A negative value for ∆G suggests that the reaction is favorable and will proceed as written, producing a positive cell potential, which indicates that the cell can perform work, such as driving an electric current. Conversely, a positive ∆G implies that the reaction is not spontaneous under standard conditions.

While cell potential can also be influenced by concentration and temperature, ∆G specifically quantifies the energy dynamics associated with the potential energy differences of the reactants and products in a reaction. Thus, it helps to predict the direction and feasibility of the reaction occurring in electrochemical cells.