In an open system, how does the internal energy change (ΔE) relate to mass change (ΔM)?

In an open system, both internal energy change (ΔE) and mass change (ΔM) are interconnected, making the selection of the answer that states both change as true the most accurate.

Internal energy, defined as the total energy contained within a system due to the kinetic and potential energies of its particles, can change as the system interacts with its surroundings. In an open system, energy can be transferred into or out of the system, typically in the form of heat or work. Furthermore, these energy changes are often accompanied by mass changes, such as the loss or gain of molecules due to reactions, evaporation, or other physical processes.

When materials leave or enter an open system, such as in a chemical reaction or phase transition, the internal energy will change accordingly. For instance, if a substance evaporates, it carries away energy from the system, resulting in a decrease in internal energy. Conversely, when mass enters the system by absorption or infusion, the internal energy can increase as new molecules contribute their energy.

Therefore, the relationship between ΔE and ΔM in an open system reflects the principles of thermodynamics and conservation of energy, where mass change directly impacts the internal energy of the system.