In a solution, what is a solvent?

A solvent is defined as the component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount. In a typical solution, the solvent serves as the medium in which other substances, known as solutes, are dissolved. For instance, in a saltwater solution, water is the solvent because it is present in much larger quantities compared to the salt (the solute).

This definition is essential in understanding how solutions are structured chemically, as the characteristics of the solvent can significantly affect the properties of the solution, such as its boiling point, freezing point, and overall reactivity. The solvent can be a liquid, gas, or (in some cases) solid, but in most common scenarios, particularly in chemistry labs and everyday use, it is a liquid.

This context and understanding highlight why identifying the solvent is crucial when analyzing solutions, as it determines the behavior and interactions of the solute(s) within the mixture.